Fundamentals of Backpacking

BACKPACKING TECHNIQUES

Map and Compass

The features of a compass include:

Liquid-filled compass housing -- This is a must. It protects the needle (and the bearing that it spins on) from jarring, and it cuts down on needle movement during readings.

Base plate -- A clear plastic base plate will help you read map symbols underneath the compass while it's on your map.

Straight edge -- The sides and front edge of the base plate should be straight and square so you can use them to measure distances and line up your compass with map reference lines. Measuring scales etched into the edges will help you measure and estimate distances.

Rotating bezel -- A rotating ring (marked with degrees from 0 to 360) should be mounted around the outside of your compass housing. This bezel is essential for most map and compass navigation.

Mirror (optional) -- A fold-out sight mirror will help you take accurate readings on distant landmarks (important in some orienteering situations). It also doubles as a signaling/personal mirror.

Magnifying lens (optional) -- A magnifying lens mounted into your compass base plate will help you read small symbols on your topographic maps.

MAPS: An orienteering compass won't do you much good if you don't have the maps you need. Get your maps well in advance of the trip. Study the maps. Study trail guides. Study ranger's notes. Make sure you are familiar with the terrain and the landmarks before you set out on the trail. Set a time the night before you begin hiking to go over the details of the trip with your team. Know how to use your compass and know how to use it with your maps. This could make the difference between being confident and being lost.

More Backpacking Techniques

How to Pack Your Pack

How to Set Up Your Campsite

Purify your Water